The Chechen–Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, or Chechen–Ingush ASSR (Chechen: Нохч-ГІалгІайн Автономнин Совецки Социалистически Республика; Ingush: Нохч-ГІалгІайн Автономнин Советски Социалистически Республика; Russian: Чече́но-Ингу́шская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика) was an autonomous republic within the Russian SFSR. Its capital was Grozny.
As of 1979 census, its territory was 19,300 km² and population of 1,155,805 (1979 Census):[1] 611,405 being Chechens, 134,744 Ingush, the rest being Russians and other ethnic groups.[1]
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In 1810, the historical Ingushetia voluntarily joined Imperial Russia, and in 1859 the historical Chechnya was annexed to Russia as well, during the long Caucasian war of 1817-1864.
After the Russian Revolution of 1917, on January 20, 1921, Chechnya and Ingushetia joined the Mountain soviet republic. Partition of the Mountain ASSR began shortly after it was formed, and its Chechen District was separated on November 30, 1922 as Chechen Autonomous Oblast. On July 7, 1924, the remains of the Mountain ASSR were split into North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast and Ingush Autonomous Oblast. On January 15, 1934, Chechen and Ingush Autonomous Oblasts were joined into Chechen–Ingush Autonomous Oblast, which was elevated in status to that of an ASSR (Chechen–Ingush ASSR) on December 5, 1936.
During World War II, in 1942–1943, the republic was partly occupied by Nazi Germany while 40,000 Chechens fought in the Red Army. On March 3, 1944, on the orders of Joseph Stalin, the republic was disbanded and its population forcibly deported upon the accusations of collaboration with the invaders and separatism. The territory of the ASSR was divided between Stavropol Krai (where Grozny Okrug was formed), the Dagestan ASSR, the North Ossetian ASSR, and the Georgian SSR.
The republic was restored on January 9, 1957 by Nikita Khrushchev.
In November 1990, the republic issued the declaration of its sovereignty and in May 1991 an independent Chechen-Ingush Republic was pronounced, which was subsequently divided into independent Chechen Republic and Republic of Ingushetia. Today, both are federal subjects of Russia.
| Births | Deaths | Birth rate | Death rate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 22,651 | 6,075 | 21.2 | 5.7 |
| 1975 | 22,783 | 6,469 | 20.4 | 5.8 |
| 1980 | 24,291 | 7,711 | 20.7 | 6.6 |
| 1985 | 30,745 | 10,170 | 25.0 | 8.3 |
| 1990 | 31,993 | 11,039 | 28.2 | 9.7 |
| 1991 | 31,498 | 11,081 | 26.3 | 9.2 |
| 1992 | 28,875 | 10,666 | 23.1 | 8.5 |
| 1926 census1 | 1939 census | 1959 census | 1970 census | 1979 census | 1989 census | 2002 census1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chechens | 295,762 (61.4%) | 368,446 (52.9%) | 243,974 (34.3%) | 508,898 (47.8%) | 611,405 (52.9%) | 734,501 (57.8%) | 1,127,050 (71.7%) |
| Ingushes | 70,084 (14.5%) | 83,798 (12.0%) | 48,273 (6.8%) | 113,675 (10.7%) | 134,744 (11.7%) | 163,762 (12.9%) | 363,971 (23.2%) |
| Russians | 78,196 (16.2%) | 201,010 (28.8%) | 348,343 (49.0%) | 366,959 (34.5%) | 336,044 (29.1%) | 293,771 (23.1%) | 46,204 (2.9%) |
| Others | 38,038 (7.9%) | 43,761 (6.3%) | 69,834 (9.8%) | 74,939 (7.0%) | 73,612 (6.4%) | 78,395 (6.2%) | 33,755 (2.1%) |
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